‘If you want a stable community, you have to have home ownership’

WORKFORCE HOUSING

There may not be a greater long-term threat to New Hampshire’s economy than the lack of a diversified housing stock. Employers are struggling to fill open positions and soon it will slow the overall economy. The lack of affordable housing within a reasonable commuting distance to work is one contributing factor adding to staffing difficulties employers face. The Business and Industry Association, New Hampshire’s statewide chamber of commerce and leading business advocate, ranks the need for more workforce housing among its top issues.

BIA held its 2021 Forum on Workforce Housing: New Hampshire’s Housing Crisis and the Economy on Wednesday, Oct. 6 in Manchester, a well-attended, in-person event featuring expert panelists from across the state. Their message was clear: The lack of housing is impacting all areas of New Hampshire and a diversity of employers.

The stagnant supply of lower-cost workforce housing is a chronic issue, dating back at least 20 years. It’s now showing up in the most pronounced way. Employers can’t find workers because workers can’t find affordable places to live. They can barely find any place to live.

What housing goes to market sells at record prices in days. The state’s median home sale price rose above $400,000 this summer. The vacancy rate for apartments is less than 1 percent (5 percent is considered a balanced market), drawing tens of applicants for those that are available and driving up cost. Businesses are doing the best they can, pushing the state’s de facto minimum wage to and above $15 an hour. Many manufacturing companies are offering around $20 an hour or more. It’s still not enough.

NH Housing’s 2021 Rental Survey Report showed the statewide median gross rent (including utilities) at $1,498 for two-bedroom units, up 6 percent over 2020. It’s $1,672 in Rockingham County and $1,643 in Hillsborough County. Statewide, a studio costs $876; a 1-bedroom unit costs $1,118.

There’s not much economy in a barren desert. People are the economy and declining populations lead to withering economies. New Hampshire is approaching that risk.

The state’s population increased just 4.6 percent from 2010 to 2020, the lowest since 2.9 percent from 1910-1920. This followed 2000-2010, when New Hampshire saw 6.5 percent population growth, while 1990-2000 saw 11.4%. The 1960s, 1970s and the ‘80s each saw increases of more than 20 percent. Population growth has largely ground to a halt in the Granite State, but its economy expands decade after decade. Thus, you get the problem we’re seeing now, and it’s getting worse.

Manufacturers can’t fill orders in a timely fashion because they don’t have full staffing. This is true in the state’s populous southern tier and rural northern tier where an infusion of well-paying jobs would be a new economic lifeline. Many hospitality businesses can’t open for full hours due to the lack of workers; some are even closing.

The 1960s in New Hampshire saw a population increase of 21.5 percent, followed by 24.8 percent in the 1970s and 20.5 percent in the 80s. That’s the origin of the problem, as residents moved to outlying towns that went from rural to “bedroom communities.”

Claira Monier, executive director of New Hampshire Housing from 1988 to 2007, recently told me those decades of growth, particularly in rural towns, prompted the rise in land-use restrictions. These restrictions effectively eliminated starter-home subdivisions of the ‘60s and ‘70s, giving rise to larger, more expensive homes and fewer of them.

The state is seeing an increase in new market-rate apartments, particularly in its southern tier. This helps, but there’s a long way to go. New Hampshire Housing says the state needs 20,000 new single-, multi- and special-needs homes to achieve a balanced market. That should include a true mix, from affordable housing via local housing authorities, to market-rate apartments, to starter homes. If the state only sees new market-rate apartments, which is largely what’s being built now, it’s not solving the problem. Workers who live in apartments will want to move to starter homes as they start their families.

As Monier told me: “If you want a stable community, you have to have home ownership. That will foster community harmony. Homeownership is very important.”

Rick Fabrizio is director of communications and public policy for the Business and Industry Association.